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Sqlite3

Description

Bindings to version 3.x of the SQLite API.

Author

Thomas Chust

Requirements

Documentation

The API of SQLite changed significantly from version 2.x to 3.x. These are new bindings to the modified API, which are reasonably complete -- most procedures that take callback arguments are missing, though.

For in-depth information on the functionality of the routines and general information you should consult the SQLite documentation as well as this manual.

Exceptions

Unless otherwise indicated, all procedures and methods in this egg may throw an exception of the kind (exn sqlite3) if something goes wrong. This exception will contain a status property indicating the return value of the operation that failed:

error
SQL error or missing database
internal
An internal logic error in SQLite
permission
Access permission denied
abort
Callback routine requested an abort
busy
The database file is locked
locked
A table in the database is locked
no-memory
A malloc() failed
read-only
Attempt to write a readonly database
interrupt
Operation terminated by sqlite-interrupt()
io-error
Some kind of disk I/O error occurred
corrupt
The database disk image is malformed
not-found
(Internal Only) Table or record not found
full
Insertion failed because database is full
cant-open
Unable to open the database file
protocol
Database lock protocol error
empty
(Internal Only) Database table is empty
schema
The database schema changed
too-big
Too much data for one row of a table
constraint
Abort due to contraint violation
mismatch
Data type mismatch
misuse
Library used incorrectly
no-lfs
Uses OS features not supported on host
authorization
Authorization denied
done
step! has finished executing, so no further data is ready

Abstract data types

[procedure] (database? OBJECT) => BOOLEAN

Checks whether a value represents an SQLite database.

[procedure] (error-database LOCATION OBJECT [ARGUMENT-NAME]) => VOID

Raises a type error saying that a database was expected instead of the given value.

[procedure] (check-database LOCATION OBJECT [ARGUMENT-NAME]) => VOID

Raises a type error like error-database does, unless the given value satisfies database?

[procedure] (statement? OBJECT) => BOOLEAN

Checks whether the value v represents an SQL statement.

[procedure] (error-statement LOCATION OBJECT [ARGUMENT-NAME]) => VOID

Raises a type error saying that a statement was expected instead of the given value.

[procedure] (check-statement LOCATION OBJECT [ARGUMENT-NAME]) => VOID

Raises a type error like error-statement does, unless the given value satisfies statement?

Managing databases

[procedure] (open-database PATH) => DATABASE

Opens the indicated database file and returns a database object for it.

Since version 3.6.0 the given path is passed to SQLite3 without modifications. Before it was subject to special expansions like paths passed to open-input-file and similar procedures used to be.

[procedure] (define-collation DATABASE NAME [PROC]) => VOID

If a procedure is given, registers a new collation sequence identified by name for use in the context of database handle db. If no procedure is passed, the collation sequence with the given name is removed.

PROC should have the signature (PROC STRING STRING) => FIXNUM. It should return a negative number if the first argument sorts before the second, a positive number if the second sorts before the first and zero if they are equal.

As PROC will be called in a callback context from within step!, safety measures are installed to avoid throwing any exceptions, invoking continuations or returning invalid values from it. Attempts to do so will result in a 0 return value and warning messages.

[procedure] (define-function DATABASE NAME N PROC) => VOID
[procedure] (define-function DATABASE NAME N STEP-PROC SEED [FINAL-PROC]) => VOID

Registers a new SQL function identified by NAME for use in the context of the given database handle. If STEP-PROC and SEED are given, the new function becomes an aggregate function. Once registered, functions cannot be deleted.

N is the number of parameters the new SQL function takes or -1 to allow any number of arguments.

PROC should have the signature (PROC . PARAMS) => OBJECT. It is called with the N parameters given to the SQL function converted into Scheme objects like by column-data. The return value is converted into an SQLite data object like by bind!. A return value satisfying sql-null? corresponds to NULL in SQLite.

STEP-PROC should have the signature (STEP-PROC SEED PARAMS) => SEED. It is called with the parameters given to the SQL function for every row being processed. The seed value passed is initially the one given as an argument to define-function; for subsequent calls it is the last value returned by STEP-PROC and after completion of FINAL-PROC it will be the initial value again.

FINAL-PROC should have the signature (FINAL-PROC SEED) => OBJECT and transforms the last seed value into the value to be returned from the aggregate function. If it is not explicitly specified, STEP-PROC defaults to the identity function.

As PROC, STEP-PROC and FINAL-PROC will be called in a callback context from within step!, safety measures are installed to avoid throwing any exceptions, invoking continuations or returning invalid values from them. Attempts to do such things will result in NULL return values and warning messages.

[procedure] (set-busy-handler! DATABASE PROC) => VOID

Installs the supplied procedure as the application's busy handler, or removes it if #f. When the database returns a busy error code, the egg will invoke this handler repeatedly until it returns #f. The handler will be called with arguments DATABASE and COUNT (number of times invoked for the same operation).

As PROC is not called in a callback context, it is legal to invoke captured continuations, and it is safe in the presence of multiple threads. In general, this handler should give up at some point to avoid possible deadlock.

For an example handler, see the code of make-busy-timeout.

[procedure] (make-busy-timeout MS) => PROC

Returns a handler suitable for use with set-busy-handler!. It polls in increasing intervals until the timeout in milliseconds is reached. The handler is non-blocking.

(define open-database/timeout
  (let ((handler (make-busy-timeout 2000)))
    (lambda (db-name)
      (let ((db (open-database db-name)))
        (set-busy-handler! db handler)
        db))))
[procedure] (interrupt! DATABASE) => VOID

Cancels any running database operation as soon as possible.

This function is always successful and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (auto-committing? DATABASE) => BOOLEAN

Checks whether the database is currently in auto committing mode, i.e. no transaction is currently active.

This function always returns a state and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (change-count DATABASE [TOTAL]) => CARDINAL-INTEGER

Returns the number of rows changed by the last statement (if (not TOTAL), which is the default) or since the database was opened (if TOTAL).

This function always returns a count and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (last-insert-rowid DATABASE) => INTEGER

Returns the row ID of the last row inserted in db. This function always returns a number and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (finalize! DATABASE [FINALIZE-STATEMENTS?]) => VOID
[procedure] (finalize! STATEMENT) => VOID

Closes the given database or finalizes the given statement.

Every statement must be finalized to free its resources and discard it before the database itself can be finalized. However, if FINALIZE-STATEMENTS? is not #f, finalizing the database triggers automatic finalization of all statements first. FINALIZE-STATEMENTS? defaults to #f.

Note that both the SQLite3 egg and the SQLite3 library itself try to detect the use of already finalized statement or database handles in API calls, but the detection is not always possible and you might crash the program by using an already finalized handle.

Managing statements

[procedure] (prepare DATABASE SQL) => STATEMENT, SQL

Compiles the first SQL statement in SQL and returns a statement and the tail of the SQL code, which was not compiled (or an empty string).

[procedure] (source-sql STATEMENT) => STRING

Retrieves the SQL source code of a statement.

[procedure] (column-count STATEMENT) => CARDINAL-INTEGER

Can be applied to any statement and returns the number of columns it will return as results.

This procedure always succeeds and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (column-name STATEMENT I) => STRING

Can be applied to any statement and returns the name of the column number I (counting from 0) as a string or #f if the column has no name.

This procedure always succeeds and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (column-declared-type STATEMENT I) => STRING

Can be applied to any statement and returns the declared type (as given in the CREATE statement) of the column number I (counting from 0) as a string or #f if the column has no declared type.

This procedure always succeeds and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (bind-parameter-count STATEMENT) => CARDINAL-INTEGER

Can be applied to any statement and returns the number of free parameters that can be bound in the statement.

This procedure always succeeds and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (bind-parameter-index STATEMENT NAME) => CARDINAL-INTEGER

Can be applied to any statement and returns the index of the bindable parameter called NAME or #f if no such parameter exists.

This procedure always succeeds and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (bind-parameter-name STATEMENT I) => STRING

Can be applied to any statement and returns the name of the bindable parameter number I (counting from 0) or #f if no such parameter exists or the parameter has no name.

This procedure always succeeds and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (bind! STATEMENT I OBJECT) => VOID

Can be applied to any statement to bind its free parameter number I(counting from 0) to the given value. Scheme types of the value map to SQLite types as follows:

Scheme type SQLite type
boolean? integer: #t = 1, #f = 0
fixnum? integer
real? float
string? text
blob? blob
sql-null? null

Unless there is internal trouble in SQLite, this method should always succeeds and never throw an exception. For invalid parameter indices the method just silently does nothing.

[procedure] (bind-parameters! STATEMENT . PARAMETERS) => VOID

Resets the statement and binds all its free parameters.

In addition to just listing the values to bind to the statement's parameters in sequence, you may specify parameters prefixed by keywords that are resolved to parameter indices by prefixing their names with ":" and resolving them using bind-parameter-index.

[procedure] (step! STATEMENT) => BOOLEAN

Single-steps the execution of STATEMENT and returns #t if a result row was produced, #f if no further results are available as the statement has been stepped through. This procedure must be called at least once before any results can be retrieved from the statement.

[procedure] (column-type STATEMENT I) => SYMBOL

Can be applied to a statement that has just been stepped (otherwise it returns #f) and returns the SQLite type of the result column number I (counting from 0) as a symbol.

The return value can be one of the symbols null, integer, float, text or blob.

This procedure always succeeds and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (column-data STATEMENT I) => OBJECT

Can be applied to a statement that has just been stepped. Consults column-type and column-declared-type to determine the type of the indicated column and to return its data as an appropriate Scheme object:

SQLite type Scheme type
integer, declared "bool"" boolean?
integer integer?
float real?
text string?
blob blob?
null sql-null?

The declared type of a column is considered to be boolean if the type declaration contains the character sequence "bool" anywhere, ignoring case.

This procedure always succeeds and never throws an exception.

[procedure] (reset! STATEMENT) => VOID

Can be applied to any statement and resets it such that execution using step! will perform all operations of the statement again.

Simple statement interface

[procedure] (call-with-temporary-statements PROC DATABASE . SQLS) => OBJECT

Compiles the SQL sources into statements in the context of DATABASE, applies PROC to these statements and returns PROC's result. The statements are created and finalized in dynamic-wind entry and exit blocks around the application of PROC.

[procedure] (execute STATEMENT . PARAMETERS) => VOID)
[procedure] (execute DATABASE SQL . PARAMETERS) => VOID

(Compiles the given SQL), resets the statement, binds the statement's free parameters and executes the statement ignoring possible results from it.

[procedure] (update STATEMENT . PARAMETERS) => CARDINAL-INTEGER
[procedure] (update DATABASE SQL . PARAMETERS) => CARDINAL-INTEGER

(Compiles the given SQL), resets the statement, binds the statement's free parameters and executes the specified statement ignoring possible results from it, returning the result of applying change-count to the affected database after the execution of the statement instead.

[procedure] (first-result STATEMENT . PARAMETERS) => OBJECT
[procedure] (first-result DATABASE SQL . PARAMETERS) => OBJECT

(Compiles the given SQL), resets the statement, binds the statement's free parameters and single-steps the statement once returning the value of the first column in the first result row. Resets the statement again just before returning.

If the given statement does not yield any results, an (exn sqlite3) is thrown with the status-property set to done.

[procedure] (first-row STATEMENT . PARAMETERS) => LIST
[procedure] (first-row DATABASE SQL . PARAMETERS) => LIST

(Compiles the given SQL), resets the statement, binds the statement's free parameters and single-steps the statement once returning all columns in the first result row as a list.

If the given statement does not yield any results, an (exn sqlite3) is thrown with the status-property set to done.

[procedure] (fold-row PROC INIT STATEMENT . PARAMETERS) => OBJECT
[procedure] (fold-row PROC INIT DATABASE SQL . PARAMETERS) => OBJECT

(Compiles the given SQL), resets the statement, binds the statement's free parameters and executes it step by step. After each step, the column values of the current result row are retrieved and PROC is applied to the current folded value, set to INIT in the first step, and the column values. The result of the application becomes the new folded value.

[procedure] (for-each-row PROC STATEMENT . PARAMETERS) => VOID
[procedure] (for-each-row PROC DATABASE SQL . PARAMETERS) => VOID

(Compiles the given SQL), resets the statement, binds the statement's free parameters and executes it step by step. After each step, the column values of the current result row are retrieved and PROC is applied to them. The results of this application are discarded.

[procedure] (map-row PROC STATEMENT . PARAMETERS) => LIST
[procedure] (map-row PROC DATABASE SQL . PARAMETERS) => LIST

(Compiles the given SQL), resets the statement, binds the statement's free parameters and executes it step by step. After each step, the column values of the current result row are retrieved and PROC is applied to them. The results of these applications are collected into a list.

Utility functions

[procedure] (with-transaction DATABASE THUNK [TYPE]) => OBJECT

Runs THUNK within the scope of a transaction on the database and returns the return value from THUNK.

The transaction is committed upon exit from THUNK if THUNK returns a true value. If THUNK returns a false value or throws an exception, the transaction is rolled back.

The TYPE" of the transaction can be specified as one of the symbols deferred (the default), immediate or exclusive.

[procedure] (sql-complete? SQL) => BOOLEAN

Checks whether SQL comprises at least one complete SQL statement.

[procedure] (enable-shared-cache! BOOLEAN) => BOOLEAN

Enables (or disables) the sharing of the database cache and schema data structures between connections to the same database.

Returns whether the shared cache is now enabled. If sqlite3 was compiled with the feature disable-shared-cache defined, this procedure will unconditionally return #f, otherwise it will either return the value of its only argument or throw an error.

[procedure] (enable-load-extension! DATABASE BOOLEAN) => BOOLEAN

Enables (or disables) the loading of native code extensions into the database engine through the use of SQL statements.

[procedure] (database-version) => STRING

Returns a string identifying the version of SQLite in use.

[procedure] (database-memory-used) => CARDINAL-INTEGER

Returns the amount of memory currently in use by the database engine.

[procedure] (database-memory-highwater [RESET?]) => CARDINAL-INTEGER

Returns the maximum amount of memory that was in use by the database engine since the counter was last reset or since the program started. Resets the counter if RESET? is not #f. RESET? defaults to #f.

Changelog

License

 
 Copyright (c) 2005-2009, Thomas Chust <chust@web.de>.  All rights reserved.
 
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 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 
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 conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
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 author nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or
 promote products derived from this software without specific prior
 written permission.
 
 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
 IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR
 CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
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