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Introduction

A binding for the DirectFB library. From its homepage, http://www.directfb.org/: <blockquote> DirectFB is a thin library that provides hardware graphics acceleration, input device handling and abstraction, integrated windowing system with support for translucent windows and multiple display layers, not only on top of the Linux Framebuffer Device. It is a complete hardware abstraction layer with software fallbacks for every graphics operation that is not supported by the underlying hardware. DirectFB adds graphical power to embedded systems and sets a new standard for graphics under Linux. </blockquote>

Examples

(FIXME)

Authors

Hans Bulfone <jsb@nil.at>

License

Copyright (c) 2007, 2008  Hans Bulfone <jsb@nil.at>
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of his contributors may
      be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
      without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

DirectFB itself is licensed under LGPL-2 or later.

Requirements

This egg doesn't depend on other eggs.

Usage

The following sections describe the C to Scheme mapping and a few convenience functions. I'm afraid, for now, you have to check out the source code and the C API documentation at http://www.directfb.org/docs/DirectFB_Reference_1_1/ for information about most of the functions that are provided.

Initialization

Before any other DirectFB function can be called, the library must be initialized:

(dfb-init)

There is also a convenience function called (dfb-initialize) which does this and a few other things. This function will be described later.

DirectFB interfaces

In DirectFB, all functionality is available through interfaces which are C structs containing function pointers.

In Scheme, these interfaces are represented as record-instances that contain a foreign-pointer to the C struct. For each function pointer in the C struct ("method") a scheme function is provided. E.g. when you would write

surface->FillRectangle(surface, x, y, w, h);

in C, you write

(dfbs-fill-rectangle surface x y w h)

in Scheme.

The following table shows the mapping between DirectFB interface types and scheme function name prefixes (like dfbs in the previous example):

DirectFB interface	Scheme prefix
IDirectFB	dfb
IDirectFBDisplayLayer	dfbdl
IDirectFBSurface	dfbs
IDirectFBInputDevice	dfbid
IDirectFBEventBuffer	dfbeb
IDirectFBImageProvider	dfbip
IDirectFBVideoProvider	dfbvp
IDirectFBFont	dfbf

The super interface

You obtain the main DirectFB interface (also called the super interface) like this:

(dfb-create)

All other DirectFB objects are constructed by methods of this interface (or methods of objects constructed by those methods).

Memory management

If you are done with a DirectFB object, you release it with

(dfb-release OBJ)

No finalizers are registered, so if you forget to call dfb-release you leak memory.

To make things easier for common cases, two macros are provided:

(with-dfb-objects ((VAR1 INIT1)
                   (VAR2 INIT2)
                   ...)
  BODY...)

This expands to the following code:

(let ((VAR1 #f)
      (VAR2 #f)
      ...)
  (dynamic-wind
      void
      (lambda ()
        (set! VAR1 INIT1)
        (set! VAR2 INIT2)
        ...
        BODY...)
      (lambda ()
        ...
        (when VAR2
          (dfb-release VAR2)
          (set! VAR2 #f))
        (when VAR1
          (dfb-release VAR1)
          (set! VAR1 #f)))))

This ensures that the DirectFB objects are released when execution leaves the dynamic context of the BODY (either because it returns normally or because an exception has been thrown or a continuation captured outside of the BODY is invoked).

If you use call/cc to capture a continuation inside the BODY and re-enter it later, the VARs will be #f, they are not re-initialized.

The second macro is:

(dfb-give VAR)

this expands into:

(let ((GENSYM VAR))
  (set! VAR #f)
  GENSYM)

This is useful if you want to return a DirectFB-object from a function:

(define (create-my-ueber-cool-surface dfb w h)
  (with-dfb-objects ((surf (dfb-create-surface dfb width: w height: h)))

    ;; draw a cool picture on the surface or something :)
    ;; if e.g. an exception is thrown now the surface will be
    ;; properly released.

    ;; return the surface to the caller, don't release it
    (dfb-give surf)))

(define (do-somthing-cool dfb)
  (with-dfb-objects ((surf1 (create-my-ueber-cool-surface dfb 100 100))
                     (surf2 (create-an-even-cooler-surface dfb 200 200)))
    ;; do something with those surfaces
    ;; if we don't use dfb-give, the surfaces are released at the end
    ;; of the function.  we can also release them earlier:
    (dfb-release (dfb-give surf1))

    ;; we can even re-use surf1 now if we want:
    (set! surf1 (create-another-surface dfb 300 300))
    ;; the new surf1 will be released after this (as well as surf2)
    (void)))

DirectFB record types

DirectFB also defines some simple record-types (represented as C structs of course) like DFBPoint or DFBRectangle. There are also a few more complicated types like DFBSurfaceDescription with optional fields.

Those structs are represented as blobs (containing the C structure data), wrapped in Chicken record-types. They are managed by the normal garbage collector, so you don't need to release them.

For each structure the following is provided:

Constructor

(make-dfb-TYPE REQ1 REQ2 opt1: OPT1 opt2: OPT2)

This creates a new record instance. Required slots are passed as normal arguments, optional slots as keyword arguments.

Type predicate

(dfb-TYPE? X)

Returns #t if X is an instance of the record-type dfb-TYPE, #f otherwise.

Accessors

(dfb-TYPE-SLOT OBJ)

Returns the value of SLOT of OBJ, which must be an instance of the record-type dfb-TYPE.

(dfb-TYPE-SLOT-set! OBJ VAL)

Sets SLOT of OBJ to VAL. OBJ must be an instance of the record-type dfb-TYPE.

For optional slots there is a special "unspecified" value that can be passed to dfb-TYPE-SLOT-set! or returned by dfb-TYPE-SLOT:

(dfb-nothing)

Returns the special "unspecified" value which means that the value of an optional slot is not specified.

(dfb-nothing? X)

Returns #t if X is the special "unspecified" value, #f otherwise.

Printer

A record printer is provided for all DirectFB record-types, so they can be easily printed for debugging purposes.

Version history

no release yet but very soon :)